Swing alert system and method

ABSTRACT

A swing alert system disposed about a baseball setup that includes a pitcher and a batter, with one or more swing alert device that determine a speed and position of a ball along a flightpath of the ball pitched by the pitcher, the flightpath extending from the pitcher to a hitting location target proximate to the batter; determine a time when the ball will reach the hitting location target based at least in part on the determined speed and position of the ball along the flightpath; and generate a swing alert while the ball is traveling along the flightpath and before the ball reaches the hitting location target. The swing alert is generated at a time determined based at least in part on the determined time when the ball will reach the hitting location target and a defined swing time associated with the batter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/008,956, filed Jun. 14, 2018, now pending, which is a non-provisionalof and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/521,956, filed Jun. 19, 2017, the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties and for allpurposes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate a baseball setup that includes a pitcher anda batter with FIG. 1b illustrating a baseball traveling along a firstflightpath from the pitcher to the batter.

FIG. 2 illustrates a baseball setup that includes a swing alert device.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of a swing alert system thatcomprises a plurality of swing alert devices disposed about a baseballsetup.

FIG. 4 illustrates another example embodiment of a swing alert systemthat comprises a first and second swing alert device, a user device, apitching machine, a server, and a bat device, which are operablyconnected via a network.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a method of generating a swingsignal in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 6a illustrates a block diagram of a method of swing testing inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 6b , illustrates a block diagram of a method of stride testing inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of a method of tempo training inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of a pitch training method inaccordance with an embodiment.

It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and thatelements of similar structures or functions are generally represented bylike reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout thefigures. It also should be noted that the figures are only intended tofacilitate the description of the preferred embodiments. The figures donot illustrate every aspect of the described embodiments and do notlimit the scope of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a novel system or devicethat captures and processes timing swing events which can use one ormore sensors, a signaling unit and the like. Captured and stored batterdata comprised of stride time, swing speed, swing delay metrics, and thelike can be coupled and correlated with characteristics of a pitchedball, which can then be processed (e.g., via a processor implementing analgorithm). The system or device can generate an alert such as an audio,visual or haptic alert to signal a batter when to act upon a pitchedball. Such a stride alert or swing alert can be timed so that a batswung by the batter arrives at a designated point simultaneous to whenthe ball arrives at the designated meeting point or area.

Various embodiments include a method and a device or system of devicesthat when used together can aid in the ability of a batter to moreconsistently hit baseballs. The system and/or devices as describedherein can implement one or more methods that configure the system ordevice to provide a signal to the batter as to when to initiate a swingof a bat and/or a stride of a swing in order to meet a pitch of a givenspeed, placement and/or pitch type. The system or device can beconfigured to measure the various desirable metrics of a baseball pitchand the swing of the batter. The baseball pitch, swing of the batter andtiming feedback can be provided (e.g., via an interface of a user deviceor the like) for aid in batter training.

In various examples, a device or system can use data such as pitch speedcaptured at release or along a flight path and presumed pitch speeddecay by distance of travel, distance to home plate, and swing delaytime to calculate the time at which the hitter needs to start swingingto hit the pitched baseball. Swing timing and swing kinematics of abatter can be captured, which in some embodiments can include swingspeed, swing time, swing delay time, time to contact with the ball, batangle, bat orientation, bat speed, hand speed, swing orientation, andthe like.

Turning to FIGS. 1a and 1b , a baseball setup 100 is illustrated thatincludes a pitcher 110 that, as shown in FIG. 1b , throws a baseball 120toward a batter 130 with the baseball 120 traveling along a firstflightpath 140 from the pitcher 110 to the batter 130. The batter 130can swing a bat 150 and strike the ball 120 at a position along thefirst flightpath 140 to cause the ball 120 to travel along a secondflight path 160.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1b , the pitcher can release the ball 120at a first release position 1201, with the ball 120 traveling along thefirst flightpath 140 including a second and third position 1202, 1203between the pitcher 110 and batter 130. At a fourth contact position1204, the batter 130 can hit the ball 120 with the bat 150, which causesthe ball 120 to travel along the second flight path 160, including afifth position 1205.

It should be appreciated that the ball 120 can take a continuous firstflightpath 120 between a pitcher 110 and a batter 130 with the ball 120assuming all positions between the first and fourth positions 1201, 1204and the second and third positions 1202, 1203 are only examples ofinfinite discrete positions that ball 120 assumes along the firstflightpath 140. Additionally, the example second flightpath 140 of FIG.1b should not be construed to be limiting on the wide variety of firstflightpaths 140 that can be generated between a pitcher 110 and a batter130. For example, the pitcher 110 can release the ball 120 at variouspositions, with various velocities, and with various ball spins, whichcan generate different first flight paths 140 between the pitcher 110and batter 130. Pitch types such as a fastball, breaking ball, changeup,the like, can be used to generate different flight paths 140 between thepitcher 110 and batter 130.

Similarly, the example second flightpath 160 should not be construed tobe limiting on the wide variety of second flightpaths 140 that can begenerated after a batter 130 hits the ball 120. For example, the secondflightpath 140 can be different based one variable such as swing speedof the bat 150 at contact with the ball 120; angle of the bat 150 atcontact with the ball 120, location of contact of the ball 120 along thelength of the bat 150, and the like. Also, it should be clear that insome examples the batter 130 may not make contact with the ball 120 andthe second flightpath 140 may not be generated. For example, the batter130 can swing too early, swing too late, swing and miss the ball 120,not swing, or the like.

Additionally, while one example baseball setup 100 is shown in FIGS. 1aand 1b , various other suitable baseball setups can be implemented inaccordance with further embodiments. For example, in some embodiments,the pitcher 110 can be replaced with various suitable pitching machines,and in further embodiments, the pitcher 110 or a pitching machine can beabsent. Similarly, the example of FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate a catcher170 and umpire 180 respectively behind the batter 130, but in variousexamples, the catcher 170 and/or umpire 180 can be absent.

Also, while various examples discussed herein relate to baseball, itshould be clear that the systems and methods discussed herein should beapplied to other activities, and therefore the baseball examples shouldnot be construed as limiting. For example, some embodiments can beapplied to bat-and-ball sports such as softball or cricket. Furtherexamples can be applied to other suitable activities such as tennis,badminton, shooting, racing, skiing, ski jumping, surfing, football,rugby, volleyball, ping pong, racket ball, squash, and the like.Accordingly, the examples herein should not be construed to be limitingon the wide variety of embodiments that are within the scope and spiritof the present disclosure.

Turning to FIG. 2, a baseball setup 100 is illustrated, which includes aswing alert device 200. The swing alert device 200 can comprise at leastone sensor 210 and an alert unit 220, which can be configured togenerate an alert 230. In the example of FIG. 2, the swing alert device200 is shown positioned behind the batter 130, with the at least onesensor 210 having a field of view that includes one or more of thebatter 130, the bat 150, at least a portion of the first flightpath 140,the pitcher 110, and the like.

As discussed in more detail herein, in some embodiments, the swing alertdevice 200 can be configured to identify a pitching event where thepitcher 110 throws a ball 120 toward the batter 130 and the swing alertdevice 200 can present one or more alerts that indicate to the batter130 when to swing the bat 150, begin a hitting stride, prepare to swing,and the like. Such one or more alerts can be generated based on avelocity and position of the ball 120 in a flightpath 140 determined bythe swing alert device 200. For example, in various embodiments, one ormore sensors 210 of the swing alert device 200 can determine a speed,velocity and/or position of the ball 120 in a flightpath 140 during apitching event and generate one or more alerts 230 via the alert unit220 to indicate to the batter 130 when the batter 130 should swing atthe ball 120 along the flightpath 140.

In various embodiments, the swing alert device 200 can comprise anysuitable device or system including a smartphone, laptop computer,tablet computer, wearable computer, gaming device, digital camera, radargun, rangefinder, and the like. The one or more sensors 210 of the swingalert device 200 can include various suitable sensors including amicrophone, camera, RAdio Detection And Ranging (RADAR), Light DetectionAnd Ranging (LIDAR), SOund Navigation And Ranging (SONAR), light gate,optical gate, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more of amicrophone, camera, RADAR, LIDAR, SONAR, light gate, optical gate, andthe like, can be specifically absent from a swing alert device 200 orsystem. A camera can include any suitable type of camera, including avisible light camera, infrared camera, ultraviolet camera, thermographiccamera, and the like. Additionally, as discussed herein in more detail,in some embodiments, one or more sensors 210 can be disposed external toa swing alert device 200.

The swing alert device 200 can comprise one or more suitable alert units220 to generate various suitable alerts 230. For example, the one ormore alert units 220 can comprise a speaker, haptic alert device,light-generating alert unit (e.g., a lightbulb, light-emitting-diode(LED), and the like). Accordingly, an alert 230 can include varioustypes of alerts that can be perceived or sensed by a user, includingsound, light, vibration, applied force, tactile changes, and the like.In some embodiments, any of such examples or types of alert units 220can be specifically absent from a swing alert device 200. Additionally,as discussed herein in more detail, in some embodiments, one or morealert units 220 can be disposed external to a swing alert device 200.

As shown in the example of FIG. 2, in some embodiments, a swing alertdevice 200 can be positioned behind a batter 130 in a baseball setup100, with one or more sensors 210 positioned facing the pitcher 110,batter 130 and/or at least a portion of the flightpath 140 of a ball 120thrown by the pitcher 110. In various embodiments, the swing alertdevice 200 can be positioned generally parallel to the flightpath 140 ofa ball 120 being thrown by a pitcher 110 as shown in FIG. 2. It shouldbe appreciated that “generally parallel” as discussed herein can relateto non-liner flightpaths 140 of a ball 120, both vertically andhorizontally. For example, a flightpath of a ball 120 may not bevertically linear (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 1b and 2) due to gravityand/or may not be horizontally liner based on how the ball 120 is thrownor how the surface of the ball 120 affects the trajectory of the ball120 (e.g., a curveball pitch). Accordingly, in various embodiments,position of the swing alert device 200 and/or sensors 220 can be definedbased on an axis, vertical plane or area extending from the pitcher 110to a hitting zone of the batter 130 (e.g., relative to home plate 301shown in FIG. 3). In some examples, a hitting or strike zone of a batter130 between the knees and shoulders of the batter 130 or an area overhome plate 301 extending approximately from the armpits to the knees ofa batter 130 when the batter 130 is in a batting position.

In further embodiments, one or more swing alert devices 200 can bepositioned generally perpendicular to the flightpath 140 of a ball 120(e.g., swing alert devices 200B, 200C, 200D, 200E as shown in FIG. 3).However, such examples should not be construed to be limiting on thewide variety of positions that one or more swing alert devices 200 canbe positioned relative to a baseball setup 100. For example, if theposition of the swing alert device 200 shown in FIG. 2 and the firstswing alert device 200A of FIG. 3 are defined as being at 0 degrees, andthe second, third, fourth and fifth swing alert devices 200B, 200C,200D, 200E as shown in FIG. 3 being defined as being at 90 degrees, infurther embodiments, one or more swing alert devices 200 can bepositioned at various suitable positions including at 10, 20, 30, 40,50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 degrees, orthe like, or between a range of any such positions. The position of oneor more swing alert devices 200 can be configured to provide for adesirable field of view for sensors 220 of such one or more swing alertdevices.

In various embodiments, one or more swing alert devices 200 can bedisposed above the ground at various suitable heights to provide adesired field of view for sensors 220 of such one or more swing alertdevices (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2). Such a position above the ground canbe defined by one or more swing alert devices 200 being mounted on atripod, mounted on a structure (e.g., a portion of a baseball field),suspended by a line, held by a flying drone, held by a user, and thelike.

Turning to FIG. 3, an example embodiment of a swing alert system 300 isillustrated, which comprises a plurality of swing alert devices 200disposed about a baseball setup 100. To be clear, the example embodimentof FIG. 3 illustrates only one example embodiment and is not limiting onthe wide variety of alternative embodiments, some of which are describedin further detail herein. For example, in further embodiments, one ormore of the swing alert devices 200A, 200B, 200C, 200D, 200E shown inFIG. 3 can be absent.

As shown in FIG. 3, a first swing alert device 200A can be positionedbehind the batter 130 and centered about home plate 301 with a field ofview that can include the pitcher 110 and at least a portion of aflightpath 140 of a ball 120. The first swing alert device 200A can beoriented generally parallel to the flightpath 140 of the ball 120 asdiscussed herein. In some examples, having the first alert device 200Ain such a position can be desirable to allow for various functionalitiessuch as one or more of determining swing timing and/or swing kinematicsof the batter 130; determining pitch timing and/or pitch kinematics ofthe pitcher 110; identifying a pitching event; determining a speed orvelocity of a ball 120; determining an estimated flightpath 140 of theball 120; determining one or more positions of the ball 120; and thelike. In some examples, the first swing alert device 200A can be limitedto providing one or more of such functionalities.

A second, third, fourth and fifth alert device 200B, 200C, 200D, 200Ecan be positioned generally perpendicular to the flightpath 140 of theball 120 along the length of the flightpath 140, with one or more of thesecond, third, fourth and fifth alert devices 200B, 200C, 200D, 200Eproviding various functionalities such as one or more of determiningswing timing and/or swing kinematics of the batter 130; determiningpitch timing and/or pitch kinematics of the pitcher 110; identifying apitching event; determining a speed or velocity of a ball 120;determining an estimated flightpath 140 of the ball 120; determining oneor more positions of the ball 120; and the like. In some examples, oneor more of the second, third, fourth and fifth alert devices 200B, 200C,200D, 200E can be limited to providing one or more of suchfunctionalities.

For example, in one embodiment, the third and fourth alert devices 200C,200D can comprise portions of an optical gate that can be used todetermine a velocity and position of a ball 120 traveling along aflightpath 140. More specifically, if a distance between the third andfourth alert devices 200C, 200D is known, the time from the ball 120passing the fourth alert device 200D to passing the third alert device200C can be used to determine a velocity or speed of the ball 120.

In another embodiment, the fifth alert device 200E can be used toidentify a pitch event (e.g., the pitcher 110 throwing or beginning tothrow a ball 120); pitch timing and/or pitch kinematics of the pitcher110; and the like. For example, computer vision associated with a cameraor other sensor 220 of an alert device 200 can be used to identify apitch event, pitch timing of the pitcher 110 and/or pitch kinematics ofthe pitcher 110. In a further embodiment, the second alert device 200Bcan be used to identify contact between the ball 120 and the bat 150;swing timing and/or swing kinematics of the batter 130; and the like.For example, computer vision associated with a camera or other sensor220 of an alert device 200 can be used to identify contact between theball 120 and the bat 150, swing timing of the batter 130 and/or swingkinematics of the batter 130. In another example, a microphone canidentify contact between the ball 120 and the bat 150 based on the soundmade when the ball 120 and the bat 150 come into contact.

Additionally, computer vision associated with a camera or other sensor220 of one or more alert devices 200 can be used to determine aposition, velocity, speed, spin, flightpath, velocity at release,projected ball velocity decay, orientation, rotation, and distance oftravel to a designated point and/or other characteristics of a ball 120thrown by a pitcher 110. Similarly, in some embodiments, one or moresensors 220 such as RADAR, LIDAR, SONAR, or the like can be used todetermine a position, velocity, speed, spin, flightpath and/or othercharacteristics of a ball 120 thrown by a pitcher. In one example, thesize of known objects (e.g., baseballs and softballs of various sizes)can be used in gauging velocity of such a known object by the change inproximity and or orientation of such an object utilizing a camera.Accordingly, some examples can include a user indicating the identity ofan object being pitched to provide for identifying position, speedand/or velocity of the object being thrown.

As discussed herein, a swing alert device system 300 of some embodimentscan include more or fewer swing alert devices 200 compared to theexample embodiment of FIG. 3. For example, in one embodiment, only thefirst, second, third and fourth swing alert devices 200 can be presentin a swing alert device system 300. In another example, only the thirdand fourth swing alert devices 200C, 200D can be present in a swingalert device system 300. Swing alert devices 200 of such swing alertdevice systems 300 can be suitably individually or collectivelyconfigured to perform any of the functions described herein.

In various embodiments, information such as position, velocity, speed,spin, flightpath and/or other characteristics of a ball 120 thrown by apitcher 110 can be used to provide alerts to the batter 130. Forexample, it can be desirable to provide one or more alerts to a batter130 regarding when to prepare to swing at a ball 120, when to begin aswing stride to swing at a ball 120, and/or when to swing at a ball 120.Providing such alerts can be useful for training swing timing, swingtempo timing, and the like.

As discussed in more detail herein, determining when to provide suchalerts can be based on a determination of when a pitched ball 120traveling along a flightpath 140 will reach a hitting location targetrelative to the batter 130, home plate 301, or other location. Forexample, in some embodiments, a hitting location target can comprise aportion of a plane extending perpendicularly from the ground at a frontface 302 of home plate 301. In further embodiments, a hitting locationcan be offset forward or backward from a portion of a plane extendingperpendicularly from the ground at a front face 302 of home plate 301,including being offset by +/−1 inch, 2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, andthe like.

A location of a hitting location target can be selected based on variousfactors, including position of the batter 130 relative to the hittinglocation target and/or desired contact point between the bat 150 andball 120 during the swing of the batter 130. For example, moving ahitting location target backward toward the batter 130 can result in thebatter 130 hitting the ball earlier in the swing of the batter 130,which can result in the second trajectory 160 of a hit ball 120 (seeFIGS. 1b and 2) being toward right field. Moving a hitting locationtarget away from the batter 130 can result in the batter 130 hitting theball later in the swing of the batter 130, which can result in thesecond trajectory 160 of a hit ball 120 being toward left field.Accordingly, in various embodiments location of a hitting locationtarget can be selected based at least in part on baseball field traininglocation (e.g., left field, center field, right field).

Although the example, of a hitting location target being definedrelative to a monument such as home plate 301 or the front edge 302 ofhome plate, in further examples, various suitable permanent or temporaryground monuments can be used to define a hitting location target. Forexample, a ground monument can include a stake, drawn line, or the like.Also, a hitting location target can be defined based on a coordinatelocation (e.g., GPS location) a body part of a hitter 130 (e.g., thehead, torso, hips, leg, arm of the hitter 130), or an article worn by ahitter (e.g., a helmet, shoe, shirt, pants, glasses, bracelet, or thelike).

The location of a hitting location target can be identified by one ormore swing alert devices 200 or swing alert device systems 300 invarious suitable ways. For example, such an identification can be visual(e.g., via a camera), including visual identification of a monument orother reference as discussed herein. In further embodiments, suchidentification can be based on reporting or interrogation of a device.For example, a device such as an RFID or GPS enabled device can be wornby a batter, disposed at a monument such as home plate, or otherwisepositioned to define a location of a hitting location target.

Alerts can be generated and provided to a batter 130 or other user inany suitable way, including a visual alert, sound alert and/or hapticalert. Such an alert can be generated by one or more swing alert devices200 or other suitable device as discussed in more detail herein. Forexample, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, one or more swing alert devices 200can include an alert unit 220, which can be configured to generate analert 230. In some embodiments, an alert device 200 can comprise one ormore alert units 220 configured to provide any suitable type of alert230, and in some embodiments a swing alert device 200 can be without analert unit 220 and unable to generate an alert 230. For example, inembodiments having a plurality of swing alert devices 200, only one ofthe plurality of swing alert devices 200 generates an alert, or two ormore of the plurality of swing alert devices 200 can generate an alert,with the generated alerts being the same or different among the swingalert devices 200. Additionally, in some embodiments, an alert unit 220external to a swing alert device 200 can be used to generate an alert230. Accordingly, the examples shown and described herein should not beconstrued to be limiting on the wide variety of variations of how alertscan be generated for a batter 130 or other users.

Turning to FIG. 4 another embodiment of a swing alert system 300 isillustrated, which in this example is shown as comprising a first andsecond swing alert device 200A, 200B, a user device 410, a pitchingmachine 420, a server 430, and a bat device 440, which are operablyconnected via a network 450. Although the user device 410 in FIG. 4 isshown as a smartphone, in further embodiments, the user device cancomprise a laptop computer, tablet computer, wearable computer, gamingdevice, digital camera, radar gun, rangefinder, and the like.

The pitching machine 420 can comprise any suitable type of pitchingmachine having various suitable capabilities. For example, the pitchingmachine 420 can be configured to pitch balls 120 with a selected speed,spin, pitch type, and the like. As discussed in more detail herein, insome embodiments, the pitching machine 420 can be configured to generatepitches of a selected type upon command.

The server 430 can comprise one or more suitable virtual or non-virtualcomputing devices that can be configured to act as a server or otherwiseperform actions or portions thereof as discussed herein. In someembodiments, a plurality of separate swing alert systems 300 canoperably communicate with the server 430. For example, in someembodiments, the server 430 can track and store activity of a pluralityof swing alert systems 300; provide processing functionality for aplurality of swing alert systems 300; allow administrator access to aplurality of swing alert systems 300, and the like.

The bat device 440 can comprise various suitable devices including acustomized bat 150 that comprises the bat device 440 or a bat device 440that is configured to removably couple with a conventional bat 150. Forexample, in some embodiments, the bat device 440 can be removablycoupled to any suitable portion of a bat 150 including the knob, grip,handle, end, barrel and the like. In various embodiments, the bat device440 can comprise one or more alert units 220 configured to generatevarious suitable types of alerts 230. For example, the bat device 440can vibrate; generate a sound; or the like, to alert the batter 130 toinitiate a swing, to swing, or the like.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the bat device 440 can comprisevarious suitable sensors that can generate data for use by the swingalert system 300. For example, in some embodiments, the bat device 440can comprise one or more of an accelerometer, compass, gyroscope,magnetometer, or other suitable positioning device, which can be used togenerate data to determine swing timing, swing kinematics, location of ahitting location target, contact of the bat 150 with a ball 120, and thelike.

In further embodiments, a device having similar capabilities as a batdevice 440 can be part of a swing alert system 300. For example, such adevice can be worn by a batter 130 or other user; can be part of amonument such as home plate 301; can be a stand-alone unit; or the like.For example, in one embodiment, the batter 130 can wear glasses,headphones or a headset that provides visual, haptic and/or auditoryalerts to the batter 130. In another embodiment, the batter 130 and/orpitcher 110 can wear a glove, shirt, wrist band or pants that providevisual, haptic and/or auditory alerts and can generate motion orposition data. In a further embodiment, the ball 120 can comprise suchelements or capabilities.

The network 450 can comprise various suitable wired and/or wirelessnetworks including, a Wi-Fi network, a Bluetooth network, a short-rangewireless network, a long-range wireless network, a Local Area Network(LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), the Internet, and the like. In someexamples, portions of the swing alert system 300 can be local to eachother or can be remote from each other. For example, in variousembodiments, the server can be remote from all other elements of theswing alert system 300.

Although FIG. 4 illustrates one specific example of a swing alert system300 in accordance with on embodiment, this example should not beconstrued to be limiting on the wide variety of swing alert systems 300that are within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Forexample, in further embodiments, elements of a swing alert system 300such as the swing alert devices 200, user device 410, pitching machine420, server 430, and bat device 440 can be present in singular, can bepresent in any suitable plurality and/or can be absent from the swingalert system 300. Additionally, in some embodiments, any of the swingalert devices 200, user device 410, pitching machine 420, server 430,and bat device 440 can be combined or have functions, elements orcapabilities of another device.

For example, in one embodiment, the user device 410 can act as a swingalert device 200 with separate swing alert 200 devices being absent. Inanother embodiment, a pitching machine 420 can act as a swing alertdevice 200 or a swing alert device can be coupled to a pitching machine420. In a further embodiment, the pitching machine 420 can be absentwith a pitcher 110 in place of the pitching machine 420 to pitch balls120. In yet another example, the bat device 440 can be absent. In someembodiments a laser gate can be generated by a single device or aplurality of devices. Accordingly, it should be clear that one or moreswing alert systems 300 with a small or large number of elements andwith high and low complexity are within the scope and spirit of thepresent disclosure.

Turning to FIG. 5, a method 500 of generating a swing signal isillustrated. The method 500 beings at 510 where a pitching event isidentified. For example, in one embodiment a swing alert device 200 canvisually determine (e.g., via a camera) that a pitching event is aboutto occur or is occurring based on movement of a pitcher 110,identification of a ball leaving the hand of a pitcher 110, and thelike. In another embodiment, a pitching machine 420 can indicate that apitching event is occurring or is about to occur. In a furtherembodiment, a sensor such as RADAR, LIDAR or SONAR can be used toidentify a pitching event based on detection of a ball 120 being withina potential flightpath area.

At 520, a velocity and position of the ball 120 is determined, and at530, a time when the ball 120 will reach a hitting location target isdetermined. For example, a position, velocity, speed, spin, flightpathand/or other characteristics of a ball 120 can be determined in one ormore ways as discussed herein, and in some embodiments, an average of aplurality of determinations can be used to determine a final determinedvelocity and position of the ball 120. Such a plurality of determinationcan come from the same sensor(s) or sensing method, or can come fromdifferent sensors and sensing methods. Making such a plurality ofdeterminations can be desirable to improve the accuracy of a determinedvelocity and location(s) of the ball 120 along a flight path 140, whichcan improve the accuracy of the determined time when the ball 120 willreach the hitting location target.

With the velocity and position of the ball 120 being determined at oneor more locations along the flightpath 140 and with the position of thehitting location target being known, a determination can be made as towhen the ball 120 will reach the hitting location target, which can beused as a basis for generating one or more alerts for the batter 130.Accordingly, at 540, a stride alert can be optionally generated based onthe determined time when the ball 120 will reach the hitting locationtarget. At 550, a swing alert can be generated based on the determinedtime when the ball 120 will reach the hitting location target.

For example, a stride alert can be generated to alert the batter 110 tobegin a swing stride such that the batter 110 can swing at the ball 120at a desired time (e.g., based on a swing alert). The swing alert can begenerated to alert the batter 110 when to begin a swing so that the bat150 will be at a desired location to contact the ball 120. In otherwords, the swing alert can be generated to alert the batter 110 when tobegin a swing so that the swing of the batter 110 has progressed to adesired state when the ball 120 reaches the hitting location target suchthat contact between the ball 120 and bat 150 is likely to occur at adesired time within the swing of the batter 110.

The timing of the stride alert can be at a stride offset time before thedetermined time when the ball 120 will reach the hitting locationtarget. The stride offset time can determined based on a stride test asdiscussed in more detail; can be determined based on default strideoffset time; and the like. Additionally, the stride offset time can bedetermined based on variables or conditions such as pitch type, desiredhit location on the field, weather conditions, fatigue of the batter110, and the like. Additionally, as discussed herein, the stride offsettime can include a delay to account for a delay in the stride alertbeing perceived by the batter 110 and acted upon by the batter 110.

The timing of the swing alert can be at a swing offset time before thedetermined time when the ball 120 will reach the hitting locationtarget. The swing offset time can determined based on a swing test asdiscussed in more detail; can be determined based on default swingoffset time; and the like. Additionally, the swing offset time can bedetermined based on variables or conditions such as pitch type, desiredhit location on the field, weather conditions, fatigue of the batter110, and the like. Additionally, as discussed herein, the swing offsettime can include a delay to account for a delay in the swing alert beingperceived by the batter 110 and acted upon by the batter 110.

In one example, and referring to FIG. 3, the stride alert can begenerated when the ball 120 is at the second position 1202 within theflightpath 140, and the swing alert can be generated when the ball 120is at the third position 1203 within the flightpath 140. In someexamples, a stride alert can be absent. However, in further examples, astride alert can be preset with a swing alert being absent.

Returning to the method 500 of FIG. 5, at 560, swing timing and swingkinematics are determined. For example, swing timing and swingkinematics can be determined based on data from a camera, accelerometer,compass, gyroscope, magnetometer or other suitable sensors as discussedherein. In various embodiments, swing timing and swing kinematics datacan be used to provide feedback to the batter 110 and other users on theswing of the batter 110. In some examples, one or both of swing timingand swing kinematics can be used to determine timing of when swingand/or stride alerts are generated.

In various embodiments, one or more of the steps of the method 500 ofFIG. 5 can be performed by a swing alert device 200 or one or moreelements of a swing alert system 300 including one or more swing alertdevices 200, a user device 410, a pitching machine 420, a server 430,and a bat device 440. To perform such steps, a device can comprise amemory storing computer readable instructions that when executed by aprocessor cause a device to perform such steps or have suchfunctionalities.

Turning to FIG. 6a , a method 600 of swing testing is illustrated, whichbeings at 610 where a pre-swing alert is generated. At 620, a swingalert is generated, and at 630, swing timing and/or kinematics aredetermined. In some embodiments, no ball 120 is pitched during swingtesting and a batter 130 can be swinging in the air, or can be swingingat a stationary target at a hitting location target such as a ball 120on a tee, a ball 120 suspended by a line, or the like.

In various embodiments, swing testing can be used to determine a timeinterval from when the swing alert is generated at 630, to when the bat150 of the batter 130 hits a stationary target or when a portion of thebat 150 of batter 130 enters a hitting location target. Accordingly,during swing testing, the batter 130 being tested can be instructed toprepare to swing when the pre-swing alert is generated at 610, and thento swing the bat 150 to hit the stationary target at a hitting locationtarget or swing the bat 150 in the air immediately when the batter 130perceives the generated swing alert at 620. In other words, swingtesting can determine for a given batter 130 a time interval thatincludes a delay between when a swing alert is generated at 620 to whenthe batter 130 initiates a swing of the bat 150 in response to the swingalert and hit a stationary target with the bat 150 or a portion of thebat 150 reaches a hitting location target. In various examples swingmetrics can include a swing delay (e.g., time elapsed from swing alertto forward motion of bat 130); swing time/speed (e.g., time and speed offorward motion of the bat 150 to contact between the bat 150 and ball120); and overall swing time (e.g., time from swing alert to contactbetween the bat 150 and ball 120).

In one example, a swing-time interval can be determined by starting atimer when the swing alert is generated at 620, with the timer beingstopped based on a sound generated by the bat 150 hitting a stationarytarget such as a ball 120. In other words, a sound cue received by amicrophone can be used to indicate an end-time of a swing for purposesof swing testing. In some embodiments, an end-time of a swing forpurposes of swing testing can be determined based on processing visualdata (e.g., from a camera) to determine when a bat 150 hits a target,has reached a certain position or orientation, or when a portion of thebat 150 reaches a hitting location target. In further embodiments, datafrom a bat device 440 can be used to determine when a bat 150 hits atarget, has reached a certain position or orientation, or when a portionof the bat 150 reaches a hitting location target.

In various embodiments, a swing testing method 600 can be repeated aplurality of times to generate an average swing-time interval, which canprovide for increased accuracy of the swing-time interval. Also,swing-time interval can be associated with a batter profile of a givenbatter 130. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a plurality of batterprofiles can be generated with a different swing-time interval beingassociated with the plurality of batter profiles. Batter profiles can bestored at a swing alert device 200, user device 410, server 430 or othersuitable device of a batting alert system 300. Having separate batterprofiles for different batters 130 can be desirable for havingcustomized settings such as a swing-time interval, and for recordingactivity of a given batter 130 separately from other batters 130.

In some embodiments swing testing can comprise a stride alert, where astored stride time associated with the batter 130 is used. For example,a first stride alert can be generated to signal the batter 130 to strideinto a launch position and a second swing alert can be generated tosignal the batter 130 to swing. In some examples, once contact with theball 120 is made, the event can be over and time is stored and/ordisplayed. As discussed herein, such a mode can be repeated to create anaverage. In various embodiments, times for multiple (pre-selected)locations can also be tested and stored for use in various testingand/or training modes.

In some embodiments, swing testing can include a pitcher 130 throwing ortossing a ball (e.g., a soft toss or slow front toss). Additionally, insome embodiments, a user can initiate a swing alert at a swing alertdevice 200 or other suitable device of a swing alert device network 300.For example, in one embodiment, swing testing can capture swing time insoft toss mode that includes a batter 130, a pitcher 110, and a thirduser that initiates a swing alert (e.g., by tapping a screen to generatea swing alert for the batter 130). In such an example, the pitcher 110can toss a ball 120 to the hitter 130 and when the ball 120 arrives atthe hitting location target, the third party taps the screen of theswing alert device 200, which generates an alert to the hitter 130 thatalerts the batter 130 to swing as discussed herein. Once contact occursbetween the bat 150 and ball 120, the event can be over and one or moreswing times can displayed at the swing alert device 200. In someexamples, a soft toss swing test mode can be used to collect swing timedata for users who selected “Long Stride” in a stride calculator mode,or other suitable stride mode.

Such a swing test can be performed multiple times to create an average.Where the batter 130 has performed a swing test in other modes (e.g.,hitting a ball 120 on a tee, hitting a ball 120 on a line, swing testingwithout a ball 120) stored swing times from one or more swing testingmodes can be conflated to create an average of swing times from aplurality of swing tests from a plurality of swing test modes.

Turning to FIG. 6b , a method 650 of stride testing is illustrated. Themethod begins at 660 where a stride signal is generated, and at 670,stride timing and/or swing kinematics are determined. For example, invarious embodiments a stride testing can be used to determine the timethat it takes a batter 130 to take a stride in preparation for a swing.In one example, a stride-time interval can be determined by starting atimer when the stride alert is generated at 660, with the timer beingstopped based on a sound generated by the batter 130 when ending astride (e.g., a front foot of the batter 130 contacting the ground). Insome embodiments, an end-time of a stride for purposes of stride testingcan be determined based on processing visual data (e.g., from a camera)to determine when a stride of a batter 130 has ended.

In further embodiments, data from a bat device 440, or other similardevice worn by a user, or device disposed in a batting area, can be usedto determine when a stride of a user has ended. For example, in oneembodiment, a batter 130 can perform swing testing while standing on aforce pad or plate, which can detect the position and force of the feetof the batter 130 on the ground during the a stride, which can be usedto determine an end-time of a stride and/or stride kinematics asdiscussed herein. In various examples, no ball 120 is pitched duringstride testing.

In various embodiments, a stride testing method 650 can be repeated aplurality of times to generate an average stride-time interval, whichcan provide for increased accuracy of the stride-time interval. Also,stride-time interval can be associated with a batter profile of a givenbatter 130 as discussed herein.

In various embodiments, stride testing can be configured to calculatethe length of stride of a batter 130. In one example, there can be aplurality of selectable categories within a stride testing modeincluding: short, medium (e.g., 0.4 sec) or long (e.g., tap stride, longstride or high leg kick). In some examples, long stride can require atest mode using a tee or the like as described herein.

In some examples, for short and medium length strides, either the batter130 or another user can initiate a testing drill with a screen tap.After a short delay, an alert can sent, signaling the batter 130 tostride into a launch position. When the batter 130 has arrived at thelaunch position, the screen can once again be tapped, stopping theclock. Multiple tests can be used to create an average, or a single testcan also be stored for use in other modes.

Kinematics of a swing and/or stride can be determined in varioussuitable ways, including visually (e.g., via a camera) via one or moreaccelerometers, force sensors, or other suitable sensors as discussedherein. Kinematics can be visualized in some examples (e.g., via a userdevice) as a wire frame of a batter 130 to illustrate movement andorientation of joints of the batter 130 during a stride and/or swing.Kinematics of a swing and/or stride can be used for analyzing andimproving the swing and/or stride of the user; for identifying a changein the swing and/or stride of a batter 130 over time; to determine whento provide subsequent swing and/or stride alerts, and the like.

In some embodiments, swing and/or stride testing can be performed by aswing alert device 200 and or swing alert device system 300 in the sameconfiguration as when swing and/or stride alerts are provided inresponse to a ball 120 being pitched (e.g., performing the method 500 ofgenerating a swing alert of FIG. 5). However, in further embodiments, aswing alert device 200 and or swing alert device system 300 can have adifferent configuration for one or both of swing and stride testing. Forexample, in some embodiments, the position of a swing alert device 200or the position of one or more devices of a swing alert device system300 can be changed for swing and/or stride testing compared to providingswing and/or stride alerts in response to a ball 120 being pitched.Additionally, in some examples, one or more devices can be added to aswing alert device system 300 for one or both of swing and stridetesting compared to providing swing and/or stride alerts in response toa ball 120 being pitched. For example, devices such a bat device 440, orother similar device worn by a user, or device disposed in a battingarea, can be used only during one or both of swing and/or stridetesting.

In various embodiments, a swing alert device 200 or swing alert devicesystem 300 can provide for various suitable training modes or methods inaddition to or alternatively to swing and/or stride alerts provided inresponse to a ball 120 being pitched (e.g., performing the method 500 ofgenerating a swing alert of FIG. 5). For example, FIG. 7 illustrates anexample tempo training method 700, which in some embodiments can occurwithout a ball 120 being pitched, but in some embodiments a batter 130can strike a stationary target such as a ball 120 on a tee or a ballsuspended by a line. The method 700 begins a 710, where pitch speedand/or pitch type selections are received, and at 720, stride signal andswing signal timing based on the selected pitch speed and/or type aredetermined.

For example, in some embodiments, pitch speed and/or pitch typeselections can be input by a user; pitch speed and/or pitch typeselections can be randomly generated by a swing alert device 200 orswing alert device system 300; pitch speed and/or pitch type selectionscan be provided based on a set of pitch speed and/or pitch typeselections (e.g., a programmed training session, a representation of aportion of a previous baseball game; a representation of a specificpitcher 110); and the like.

Returning to the method 700, at 730 an alert signal is generated, and at740, a swing alert is generated. At 750, swing timing and/or swingkinematics are determined. For example, in various embodiments, swingtiming can be based on a time interval between one or both of the stridealert and/or swing alert and one or both of a stride and swing end time.Swing or stride end times can be determined in various suitable ways asdiscussed herein. For example, the sound of the bat 150 hitting astationary target such as a ball 120 on a tee or line can be used todetermine a swing end time.

Swing and/or stride kinematics can be determined in various suitableways as discussed herein, including visually (e.g., via a camera), viaan accelerometer, force sensor, and the like. Swing and/or stridekinematics from one or more tempo training sessions can be used togenerate reports for a batter 130 to provide feedback to the batter 130or other users on the swing of a batter 130. For example a set of tempotraining data can be generated, stored, or shared among one or moresuitable devices of a swing alert system 300 including one or more swingalert device 200, user device 410, server 430 or other suitable deviceof a batting alert system 300 (See FIG. 4). For example, in oneembodiment, raw data from tempo training can be sent to a user device410 or server 430 and processed by the user device 410 or server 430 togenerate reports.

Turning to FIG. 8, an example of pitch training method 800 isillustrated, which in some embodiments can be performed with a swingalert system 300 comprising a pitching machine 420. The method 800begins at 810 where a pitch speed and/or pitch type is received, and at820, a stride alert and/or swing alert timing based on the selectedpitch speed and/or pitch type is determined. For example, in someembodiments, pitch speed and/or pitch type selections can be input by auser; pitch speed and/or pitch type selections can be randomly generatedby a swing alert device 200 or swing alert device system 300; pitchspeed and/or pitch type selections can be provided based on a set ofpitch speed and/or pitch type selections (e.g., a programmed trainingsession, a representation of a portion of a previous baseball game; arepresentation of a specific pitcher 110); and the like.

A stride alert and/or swing alert timing based on the selected pitchspeed and/or pitch type can be determined as discussed herein. Forexample, with the pitch speed and/or pitch type being known, and with adistance between a pitching machine 420 and hitting location targetbeing known, a determination can be made of a time it will take for apitched ball 120 to reach the hitting location target based on aselected speed and pitch type of the ball 120. In other words, the pitchtype can be used to determine a flightpath 140 of the pitched ball 120and the speed and determined flightpath 140 can be used to determine atime that the pitched ball 120 will take to travel along the flightpath140 from the initiation of the pitch to the hitting location target.Accordingly, stride alert and/or swing alert timing can be determinedbased on the initiation of a pitch by a pitching matching 420.

Returning to the method 800, at a pitch corresponding to the selectedpitch speed and/or pitch type can be generated at 830 (e.g., by apitching machine 420). At optional step 840, a stride alert can begenerated, and at 850, a swing alert can be generated. Swing timingand/or swing kinematics can be determined at 860. For example, invarious embodiments, swing timing can be based on a time intervalbetween one or both of the stride alert and/or swing alert and one orboth of a stride and swing end time. Swing or stride end times can bedetermined in various suitable ways as discussed herein. For example,the sound of the bat 150 hitting a stationary target such as a ball 120on a tee or line can be used to determine a swing end time.

Kinematics of a swing and/or stride can be determined in varioussuitable ways, including visually (e.g., via a camera) via one or moreaccelerometers, force sensors, or other suitable sensors as discussedherein. Kinematics can be visualized in some examples (e.g., via a userdevice) as a wire frame of a batter 130 to illustrate movement andorientation of joints of the batter 130 during a stride and/or swing.Kinematics of a swing and/or stride can be used for analyzing andimproving the swing and/or stride of the user; for identifying a changein the swing and/or stride of a batter 130 over time; to determine whento provide subsequent swing and/or stride alerts, and the like.

In various embodiments, a swing alert device 200 or a device of a swingalert system 300 (e.g., a user device 410, pitching machine 420, and thelike), can comprise an interface that displays various suitable dataincluding, captured motion data one or more sensors, including swingspeed, hand speed, swing delay, projected ball speed, distance of balltravel, distance of ball travel when an alert is sent to the batter 130to act, and the like.

An interface can display a swing path depiction from a captured eventthat can comprise of an illustration of a bat path of travel and batorientation, coupled with swing metrics of the batter 130, captured ballmetrics, and the like. The interface can further display a percentage ofmotion efficiency, a corrected and or suggested path of greaterefficiency, and the like.

In some examples, a swing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300 canbe configured to automatically shut down sensors after a designatednumber of attempts in a given operating mode (e.g., game play mode,swing alert mode, stride alert mode, swing test mode, stride test mode,tempo training mode, and the like) and switching to a rest or reportmode for displayed analysis of swing and pitch metrics on thecommunication interface's display screen.

In further examples, a swing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300can be configured to perform a “Test Mode” function, wherein one or moresensors collect and store a designated number of swings creating anaggregate of batter's swing speed, and swing delay metrics to be used ina game play mode. A swing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300 canbe configured to perform Game Play Mode function wherein captured swingdelay metrics are stored, utilized and coupled with captured projected(pitched) ball velocity and orientation metrics to be processed, thensending an audio, visual or vibrational alert to the batter 130signaling when the batter 130 should swing the bat 150. In someexamples, a designated number of attempts can performed by the userwhile in the Game Play mode, after which, sensors can be shut down andbatter 130 can be directed to rest. In further examples, a swing alertdevice 200 or swing alert system 300 can be configured can be configuredto perform a Rest Mode for a designated non-zero period of time at whichtime the communication interface can display captured data of event(s)for analysis before returning to Test Mode.

For example, such a Test Mode can be desirable to simulate typicalbatting conditions of a hitting session of a baseball game where abatter 130 is subjected to only a certain number of pitches beforestriking out, getting on base, or otherwise ending the hitting session.In other words, the swing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300 canbe configured to prevent the batter 130 from being subjected to a largenumber of pitches that would be abnormal for a typical hitting sessionof a baseball game such that pitchers are only tested within aconventional stamina range.

In various swing testing, practice or training modes, manually inputtedpitch speeds and pitch distances (e.g., selected based on age/level ofplay) can be selected and the distance the user, based on their storedswing metrics, would have to attack the pitched ball can be displayed.For example, in some embodiments, a user can select from collegebaseball and professional baseball to populate variables such as pitchdistance, pitch speed, pitch type, and the like. Average distance ofrelease of pitch can be displayed (e.g., a distance of 55 ft). Selectedspeed can be selected and displayed (e.g., 90 mph).

In some examples, a user can indicate a position of a batter 130relative to a batter's box, home plate 301 or other monument via a userinterface of swing alert device 200 or other suitable device. Forexample, a user can position foot icons in a batter's box displayed inan interface by touching a screen where desired. A calculation of pitchrelease distance to point of contact can then be used to determine timefrom release to contact point. Additionally, contact point within strikezone can also be selected via an interface (e.g. inside, outside,middle). A swing time of a batter can be applied and the determined ordefined distance of attack, which can be displayed for user analysis.

In various embodiments, the characteristics of a set of virtual or realpitches can be selected in various suitable ways. For example, selectedpitch variables can include preprogramed pitch speeds (e.g., userselected, randomly selected, and the like); choice of multiple pitchesdelivered by randomly timed swing alerts to simulate at bats (feeltraining); and the like. A preselected number of pitches can be optionedin various modes (e.g., up to 10 in some examples). In one example, afirst alert can be generated, signaling the batter 130 to stride intothe launch position of the batter 130, which can be stored by a deviceor system. A second alert can be generated at various suitable randomtimes (speeds) for timing “feel” training. Pitch speeds can be displayedin a post analysis mode. Pre-programed alert times based on variouscharacteristics can be selected for practice or training sessions (e.g.,age, level of play, and the like).

In various swing testing, practice or training modes a user, swing alertdevice 200 or other suitable device of a swing alert system 300 cancapture swings using a camera (e.g., via video). In some examples,capturing images with a high frame rate to provide for slow-motionplayback can be desirable. In some examples, a time code can display ina video or images. Swing delay, bat speed, overall swing time, and thelike, can be displayed for visual analysis.

Different mechanical batting approaches can be stored and comparedallowing user to, for example, select a most comfortable and efficientswing and/or swing path to achieve desired results. Such mechanicalbatting approaches can be stored at swing alert device 200 or suitabledevice of a swing alert system 300 such as a user device 410, server430, or the like. In various embodiments, a subscriptions service can beused by a batter 130 or other user to store batter metrics of one ormore batter 130.

As discussed herein, swing and stride times can be tracked during swingtesting, stride testing and practice or training modes. In variousexamples, it can be desirable to display swing and/or stride times,including highlighting swing and stride times that are above or below athreshold of an average swing and stride time. In other words,significant swing and/or stride time changes (+ or −) can be highlightedto alert user to such deviations compared to an average. In someembodiments, when comparing swing paths with exit velocity and launchangle, it can be desirable to determine the spin rate of a ball 120,given that in some examples, a lower trajectory with a greater spin ratewill travel farther than analysis of just exit velocity and launchtrajectory (e.g., analogous to a golf club driver).

In various modes (e.g., a “game mode”) metrics of a pitched ball 120 canbe captured in real-time and merged with stored swing time metrics of abatter 130. Distance of ball release to contact point (contact betweenbat 150 and ball 120) can be captured by a suitable device (e.g., aswing alert device 200) or manually inputted by a user. Once the batter130 has achieved launch position of a stride, an alert can be sentsignaling the batter 130 to swing, based on the swing metrics of thebatter 130 (e.g., overall swing time) and the metrics of the pitchedball 120. While in some examples it can be desirable to limit the hitter130 to perform such task no more than 8 times within a batting sessionbefore taking a rest period, in various embodiments a swing alert device200 or swing alert system 300 can feed back live swing time data and canadjust the swing alert based on real or anticipated fluctuations in theswing time of a batter 130, which in some examples can be caused byfatigue. In other words, the swing time of a batter can becomesuccessively slower during a batting session, and in some examples, aswing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300 can account for suchfatigue by increasing swing time offset and/or stride time offset aftersuccessive swings in a hitting session.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors (e.g., a camera) of a swingalert device 200 or swing alert system 300 can capture and store swingmotion for display and analysis. In one embodiment, a display of a swingalert device 200 or swing alert system 300 can present swing time brokenup into various suitable categories such as overall swing time includingswing time and swing delay (e.g., time between alert and completion ofthe swing event); swing time after delay; and the like. In someexamples, swing speed can be calculated and displayed for user analysisfor overall swing time and swing speed after delay. Overall swing timecan be calculated in some examples by a running clock that begins whenswing alert is generated and that stops when the device or systemrecognizes that a completion of the swing event has occurred (e.g., thebat 150 hitting the ball 120). The device or system can identify acollision of a bat 150 and ball 120 in various suitable ways such asutilizing one or more cameras, one or more microphones, by anaccelerometer of a bat device 440 indicating the ball 120 has beenstruck by the bat 150.

In various embodiments, baseball statistics data (e.g., Sabermetricsdata) can be used to generate swing and/or stride practice sessionsbased on the metrics of offensive and/or defensive players. For example,utilizing defensive Sabermetric analytics of the Houston Astros, the LosAngeles Dodgers can apply such metrics to practice sessions of a batter130 of the Dodgers to prepare the batter 130 for an upcoming series withthe Houston Astros. The statistics data of a batter 130 and stored swingmetrics data can be applied and success/failure ratios for the batter130 can be created based on the opposition's pitcher/fielder metrics asthey pertain to the batter 130. Such statistics data can be storedlocally at a swing alert device 200 or device of a swing alert system300 or can be stored remotely and accessed by such a device or system(e.g., a Sabermetrics service)

In various embodiments, a plan or approach can be created based on apitch count (e.g., balls and strikes during and at bat of a baseballgame) and based on a success/failure ratio of a given batter 130 basedon specific pitches. Based on such a plan or approach, an alert orno-swing alert can be generated based on these metrics in specificcounts (e.g., 2 balls, 1 strike, and the like). Additionally, in someembodiments, a batter 130 can practice hitting pitches of a historicallylower success ratio by receiving an alert when to correctly swing at apitch to improve their success ratio for such a pitch. The predictedoutcome of the event after the batter 130 hits the pitched ball 120 canbe displayed for analysis.

Utilizing one or more cameras, of a swing alert device 200 or device ofa swing alert system 300, moving pitch data can be collected andprocessed for display or for use with various suitable programs orfunctions. The pitch data can include ball release distance, ball traveldistance to an intersection point between the bat 150 and the pitchedball 120, pitched ball speed, pitch orientation, pitch vector, angle ofball travel, ball spin rotation, ball spin rate (RPM), pitch type (e.g.,two-seam fastball, four-seam fastball, change up curve slider), and thelike. In various embodiments, a swing alert device 200 or one or moredevices of a swing alert system 300 can be configured to learn and thenpredict where a ball 120 will arrive and predict a desirable time toalert hitter to act upon the ball (e.g., swing or stride) based on thepredicted arrival of a ball 120 in relation to a strike zone and/or theposition of the batter 130, and/or position of a bat 150 relative to thestrike zone.

Stride timing practice sessions can be created utilizing a swing alertdevice 200 or one or more device of a swing alert system 300 by teachingbatter 130 to create a swing time through the process of preparing toswing. For example, preparing to swing can include separation, loading,striding, getting into a launch position, stacking, getting into a powerposition, creating tempo, and the like. An alert can generated for thebatter 130 indicating when to “load” (e.g., a stride alert). Apredetermined time can elapse before a subsequent alert is generated forthe batter 130 indicating when the batter 130 should swing. Such a pausebetween stride and swing alerts can be defined as tempo. In someexamples, a user can select a stride length as a preference such as along stride, medium stride, short stride, or the like. One or morepractice sessions can be set up with random swing alert times; withspecific swing alert times based on selected pitch speed and/or pitchdistance of travel; and the like. Stored swing metrics of a batter 130can be applied to such practice sessions. In various examples, practicesessions can be created using stored swing metrics data of a givenbatter 130 and pitched ball data to practice foul ball swing timing.

Various types of data such as user swing metrics, pitcher, fielder andball metrics can be displayed before and after an event for useranalysis on a video screen or other suitable display.

A simulated game with live interaction by one or more batters 130 can beplayed using the systems and methods discussed herein, including storingthe results of at bats of the one or more batters 130. For example, sucha simulated game can be similar to the interaction between a user and avideo game but using a live ball 120 and one or more batters 130.

In some examples, utilizing a pitching machine 420 (see FIG. 4)configured to throw random or programed pitches, a batter 130 canpractice hitting a variety of pitches of various types and speeds. Theswing metrics of the batter 130 along with collected live pitch metricscan be applied and a swing alert device 200 or swing alert system 300can indicate when the batter 130 should act upon the pitched ball 130based on those metrics (e.g., begin a stride and/or swing).

Swing metrics data and/or practice session result data can be stored foranalysis and comparison to quantify batter performance and improvements.Stored swing time averages can be compared with swing times of newsession. In some examples, if swing times change outside of apredetermined plus or minus threshold, an alert message can be presentedindicating time change in comparison to the stored average.

In various examples, analysis can consider stored swing metrics andswing orientation and apply an efficiency rating of a swing path withsuggested corrections, which can be depicted visually (e.g., overlaid)on a display of a swing alert device 200 or one or more device of aswing alert system 300. Corrections can be objective, based onefficiency and economy of motion and other facts of science.

In some examples, an artificial neural network or other suitable type ofartificial intelligence or machine vision can be utilized to identifyballs 120, distance of a pitch ball 120 from a predetermined location,(e.g., the intersection point between the bat 150 and the ball 120), thevelocity of the ball 120 (or other projectile), the spin velocity of aball 120 (rpms), the laces of a ball 120, orientation of laces of a ball120, a flightpath the ball 120 is traveling on, the predicted arrivallocation within the predetermined destination (e.g., with a strikezone—or not in the strike zone), and the like. Such artificialintelligence and/or machine vision can be used to generate an alert forthe hitter 130 indicating when to swing, or whether or not to swing, orthe like, based at least in part on stored user analytics of the batter130.

An alert can be generated signaling the batter 130 when to swing,delivered by an audio alert, which can be a sound of any suitable kindincluding but not limited to a tone, the batter's own prerecorded andstored voice, an audio message, or the like. A wired or wirelessheadphone, the speaker system of a mobile phone, tablet computer orstandalone device can used to generate a swing alert and/or stridealert. In various embodiments, an alert can be generated signaling thebatter 120 to swing and/or begin a stride, with such an alert beinggenerated by a vibration of an offset motor, (e.g., a pager motor), thatcan be part of a bat motion sensor device (e.g., a bat device 440), withsuch a haptic alert indicating to the batter 130 to swing the bat 150.In some examples, a vibrational alert can be triggered via a radiosignal to a smart band or smart watch worn by the user that generatesthe vibrational alert.

In further embodiments, an alert can be generated for the batter 130signaling when to swing and/or initiate a stride, with such an alertbeing delivered by a visual cue. For example, utilizing smart glasses,stereoscopic augmented reality eyewear, Google glasses, virtual realityeyewear, or the like, the ball 120 or other projectile can appear toflash or change color, signaling the batter 130 when to swing the bat150.

In various embodiments, a swing alert device 200 or one or more deviceof a swing alert system 300, using the stored swing metrics of a givenbatter 130, can utilizes a radar device to capture pitched ball metricsand conflate stored swing metrics of the batter 130 with the capturedpitched ball metrics. An alert can be generated for the batter 130 toswing the bat 150 and/or being a stride based on these metrics.

As discussed herein, in some embodiments, swing time metrics and/orstride time metrics can be collected including the use of a pitched ball120, a non-pitched ball 120, or without use of a ball 120. For example,various functions do not relate to an actual pitched ball 120 but rathera simulated event such as hitting a ball 120 placed on a batting tee orswinging and/or striding without a ball 120 being present. Similarly, asdiscussed herein, in some embodiments, swing alert and/or stride alertfunctions can be performed including a pitched ball 120, including anon-pitched ball 120, or without use of a ball 120. For example, astride alert function can occur without a pitched ball, utilizing abatting tee, a softly tossed ball 120, or the like.

In some examples, swing time metrics and/or stride time metrics can becaptured without a device, wholly captured by various functions of amobile phone or tablet or computer, such as the built in or networkconnected camera and microphone. Additionally, in some examples, allswing metrics and/or stride metrics can be stored and called upon foruse in pitched ball scenarios.

The described embodiments are susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, and specific examples thereof have been shown by wayof example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It shouldbe understood, however, that the described embodiments are not to belimited to the particular forms or methods disclosed, but to thecontrary, the present disclosure is to cover all modifications,equivalents, and alternatives.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention asset forth in the claims.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus,while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereofare shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit theinvention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions,and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, asdefined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term“connected,” when unmodified and referring to physical connections, isto be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, orjoined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation ofranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthandmethod of referring individually to each separate value falling withinthe range, unless otherwise indicated herein and each separate value isincorporated into the specification as if it were individually recitedherein. The use of the term “set” (e.g., “a set of items”) or “subset”unless otherwise noted or contradicted by context, is to be construed asa nonempty collection comprising one or more members. Further, unlessotherwise noted or contradicted by context, the term “subset” of acorresponding set does not necessarily denote a proper subset of thecorresponding set, but the subset and the corresponding set may beequal.

Conjunctive language, such as phrases of the form “at least one of A, B,and C,” or “at least one of A, B and C,” (i.e., the same phrase with orwithout the Oxford comma) unless specifically stated otherwise orotherwise clearly contradicted by context, is otherwise understoodwithin the context as used in general to present that an item, term,etc., may be either A or B or C, any nonempty subset of the set of A andB and C, or any set not contradicted by context or otherwise excludedthat contains at least one A, at least one B, or at least one C. Forinstance, in the illustrative example of a set having three members, theconjunctive phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” and “at least one ofA, B and C” refer to any of the following sets: {A}, {B}, {C}, {A, B},{A, C}, {B, C}, {A, B, C}, and, if not contradicted explicitly or bycontext, any set having {A}, {B}, and/or {C} as a subset (e.g., setswith multiple “A”). Thus, such conjunctive language is not generallyintended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of A, atleast one of B and at least one of C each to be present. Similarly,phrases such as “at least one of A, B, or C” and “at least one of A, Bor C” refer to the same as “at least one of A, B, and C” and “at leastone of A, B and C” refer to any of the following sets: {A}, {B}, {C},{A, B}, {A, C}, {B, C}, {A, B, C}, unless differing meaning isexplicitly stated or clear from context. In addition, unless otherwisenoted or contradicted by context, the term “plurality” indicates a stateof being plural (e.g., “a plurality of items” indicates multiple items).The number of items in a plurality is at least two, but can be more whenso indicated either explicitly or by context.

Operations of processes described herein can be performed in anysuitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearlycontradicted by context. In an embodiment, a process of operating andcontrolling a preburner, a preburner system, or a rocket engine, such asthose processes described herein (or variations and/or combinationsthereof) is performed under the control of one or more computer systemsconfigured with executable instructions and is implemented as code(e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs or one ormore applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, byhardware or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the code is storedon a computer-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of acomputer program comprising a plurality of instructions executable byone or more processors. In an embodiment, a computer-readable storagemedium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium thatexcludes transitory signals (e.g., a propagating transient electric orelectromagnetic transmission) but includes non-transitory data storagecircuitry (e.g., buffers, cache, and queues) within transceivers oftransitory signals. In an embodiment, code (e.g., executable code orsource code) is stored on a set of one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media having stored thereon executableinstructions that, when executed (i.e., as a result of being executed)by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computersystem to perform operations described herein. The set of non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media, in an embodiment, comprises multiplenon-transitory computer-readable storage media, and one or more ofindividual non-transitory storage media of the multiple non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media lack all of the code while the multiplenon-transitory computer-readable storage media collectively store all ofthe code. In an embodiment, the executable instructions are executedsuch that different instructions are executed by differentprocessors—for example, a non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium store instructions and a main CPU executes some of theinstructions while a graphics processor unit executes otherinstructions. In an embodiment, different components of a computersystem have separate processors, and different processors executedifferent subsets of the instructions.

Accordingly, in an embodiment, computer systems are configured toimplement one or more services that singly or collectively performoperations of processes described herein, and such computer systems areconfigured with applicable hardware and/or software that enable theperformance of the operations. Further, a computer system thatimplements an embodiment of the present disclosure is a single deviceand, in another embodiment, is a distributed computer system comprisingmultiple devices that operate differently such that the distributedcomputer system performs the operations described herein and such that asingle device does not perform all operations.

The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments ofthe invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of theinvention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specificationshould be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essentialto the practice of the invention.

Embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, including the bestmode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variationsof those embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill inthe art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expectskilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and theinventors intend for embodiments of the present disclosure to bepracticed otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly,the scope of the present disclosure includes all modifications andequivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended heretoas permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of theabove-described elements in all possible variations thereof isencompassed by the scope of the present disclosure unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

I/We claim:
 1. A method of training a batter to hit a pitched ball, themethod comprising: determining, based at least on a velocity of thepitched ball and an overall swing time of the batter, when the battermust initiate a swing to hit the pitched ball, wherein the overall swingtime of the batter includes— a swing delay time, wherein the swing delaytime corresponds to a first period of time between an instruction toswing and an initiation of forward motion of the bat, and a swing time,wherein the swing time corresponds to a second period of time betweenthe initiation of forward motion of the bat and a contact between thebat and the ball; and providing an alert to the batter instructing thebatter to swing.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitched ball isthrown by a pitcher or pitching machine along a flight path, andwherein— determining when the batter must initiate the swing to hit thepitched ball comprises determining an attack zone corresponding to aposition of the pitched ball along the flight path at which the battermust initiate the swing to hit the pitched ball, and providing the alertto the batter comprises providing an alert to the batter when thepitched ball is in the attack zone.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein thepitched ball is thrown by a pitcher or a pitching machine along a flightpatch, the method further comprising calculating an average velocity ofthe pitched ball along at least a portion of the flight path.
 4. Themethod of claim 3 wherein determining when the batter must initiate theswing is further based, at least in part, on the average velocity and adistance between the pitcher or pitching machine and a hitting locationtarget proximate the batter.
 5. The method of claim 1 whereindetermining when the batter must initiate the swing is further based, atleast in part, on a position, flightpath, and/or spin of the pitchedball.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitched ball is a simulatedpitch and the velocity is a simulated velocity, and wherein the methodfurther comprises selecting the simulated velocity before determiningwhen the batter must initiate the swing.
 7. The method of claim 6wherein the simulated pitch is a stationary ball placed on a battingtee.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the overall swing time of thebatter is predetermined.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein providing thealert comprises providing a sound alert, a visual alert, and/or a hapticalert.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the alert is a second alert,and wherein the method further comprises providing a first alert to thebatter before the second alert, wherein the first alert instructs thebatter to stride and is based at least in part on a predetermined stridetime of the batter.
 11. A system for training a user to hit a ballmoving along a flight path, the system comprising: one or moreprocessors; a memory coupled to the one or more processors and storinginstructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system toperform operations comprising: determining an attack zone, wherein theattack zone corresponds to a position of the ball along the flight pathat which the user must initiate a swing to hit the ball, wherein theattack zone is based at least in part on: a velocity of the ball alongthe flight path, and an overall swing time of the user, wherein theoverall swing time of the user includes (i) a swing delay time, whereinthe swing delay time corresponds to a first period of time between aninstruction to swing and an initiation of forward motion of a hittingdevice, and (ii) a swing time, wherein the swing time corresponds to asecond period of time between the initiation of forward motion of thehitting device and a contact between the hitting device and the ball;and directing an alert device to provide an alert to the user when theball is in the attack zone.
 12. The system of claim 11 wherein theoverall swing time of the user is predetermined, and wherein the memorystores the predetermined overall swing time, and wherein the operationsfurther comprise retrieving the predetermined overall swing time of theuser from the memory.
 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the operationsfurther comprise determining a distance between the ball and a hittinglocation target proximate to the user before determining the attackzone, and wherein the attack zone is further based at least in part onthe distance between the ball and the hitting location target.
 14. Thesystem of claim 11 wherein the operations further comprise calculatingthe velocity of the ball before determining the attack zone, and whereinthe velocity of the ball is an average velocity of the ball along atleast a portion of the flight path.
 15. The system of claim 11, furthercomprising one or more sensors configured to measure a velocity of theball along the flight path, wherein the one or more sensors are operablycoupled to at least one of the memory or the one or more processors, andwherein the operations further comprise receiving the measured velocityfrom the one or more sensors before determining the attack zone.
 16. Thesystem of claim 11 wherein the user is a batter and the hitting deviceis a bat.
 17. The system of claim 11 wherein the alert is a secondalert, and wherein the operations further comprise directing the alertdevice to provide a first alert before the second alert, wherein thetiming of the first alert relative to the second alert is based at leastin part on a predetermined stride time of the user.
 18. A method ofmeasuring a swing of a batter, the method comprising: providing an alertinstructing the batter to swing a bat toward an object; determining aswing delay time of the batter by measuring a first period of timebetween the alert and an initiation of a forward motion of the battowards the object; determining a swing time of the batter by measuringa second period of time between the initiation of the forward motion ofthe bat towards the object and a contact between the bat and the object;and calculating an overall swing time for the batter, wherein theoverall swing time comprises the sum of the first period of time and thesecond period of time.
 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the swingdelay time corresponds to a reaction time and/or a non-forward motion ofthe bat.
 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the object is a ball, andwherein the ball is positioned on a batting tee.
 21. The method of claim18, further comprising calculating an average overall swing time,wherein the average overall swing time is an average of a plurality ofcalculated overall swing times.
 22. The method of claim 18 wherein thealert is a second alert, and wherein the method further comprises:providing a first alert instructing the batter to stride; anddetermining a stride time of the batter by measuring a third time periodbetween the first alert and the batter ending the stride.
 23. The methodof claim 18, further comprising determining, based on the overall swingtime for the batter, when the batter must initiate their swing to hit aball pitched from a predetermined distance and travelling at apredetermined velocity.
 24. A computer-readable storage medium storinginstructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause thecomputing system to perform operations for measuring a swing of abatter, the operations comprising: determining a swing delay time of thebatter based on a first period of time between an alert instructing thebatter to swing and an initiation of a forward motion of the bat towardsan object; determining a swing time of the batter based on a secondperiod of time between the initiation of the forward motion of the battowards the object and a contact between the bat and the object; andcalculating an overall swing time for the batter, wherein the overallswing time comprises the sum of the first period of time and the secondperiod of time.
 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the object is a ball.26. The system of claim 24 wherein the swing delay time corresponds to areaction time of the batter and/or a non-forward motion of the bat. 27.The system of claim 24 wherein the operations further comprisecalculating an average overall swing time, wherein the average overallswing time is an average of a plurality of calculated overall swingtimes.
 28. The system of claim 24 wherein the operations furthercomprise displaying the swing delay time, the swing time, and theoverall swing time on a display interface.
 29. The system of claim 24wherein the alert is a second alert, and wherein the operations furthercomprise determining a stride time of the batter by measuring a thirdtime period between a first alert instructing the batter to stride andthe batter ending the stride.
 30. The system of claim 24 wherein theoperations further comprise determining when the batter must initiatetheir swing to hit a ball pitched from a predetermined distance andtravelling at a predetermined velocity based at least in part on theoverall swing time of the batter.